What principle underlies the American system of checks and balances?

The principle that underlies the American system of checks and balances is the separation of powers among government branches. This foundational concept is intended to prevent any one branch of government—executive, legislative, or judicial—from becoming too powerful. By dividing governmental responsibilities and powers among these branches, each branch has the authority to check the actions of the others, thereby promoting accountability and preventing abuses of power.

For example, the legislative branch has the responsibility to make laws, but the executive branch can veto legislation. The judicial branch has the power to review laws and executive actions to determine their constitutionality. This interdependence and oversight mechanism ensures that power is balanced and that no single branch can dominate the government or infringe upon the rights of citizens. This design is a cornerstone of American democracy, reflecting the belief in a government that is accountable to its people and operates within defined limits.