Which document is associated with the protection of freedom of speech and assembly?

The Bill of Rights is the correct answer because it includes the First Amendment, which explicitly guarantees the freedoms of speech, press, assembly, and the right to petition the government. These rights are fundamental to a democratic society, ensuring that individuals can express their thoughts and opinions freely, gather in groups for various purposes, and hold the government accountable through petition.

The Declaration of Independence, while a pivotal document in American history, primarily focuses on the philosophical reasons for seeking independence from Britain and does not provide specific protections for individual rights. The Articles of Confederation served as the first governing document of the United States but lacked a formal declaration of individual rights, which was later addressed in the Bill of Rights. The Federalist Papers, a collection of writings by key figures supporting the ratification of the Constitution, discuss various aspects of government and the need for a strong federal structure, but do not serve as a legal document protecting individual liberties in the same way the Bill of Rights does.