Which U.S. doctrine was invoked by President Kennedy in relation to Soviet ships during the Cuban Missile Crisis?

The correct answer is the Monroe Doctrine. This doctrine, originally articulated in 1823, established a policy that would oppose European colonialism in the Americas and asserted that any intervention by external powers in the politics of the Americas would be viewed as an act of aggression, requiring U.S. intervention. During the Cuban Missile Crisis in 1962, President Kennedy drew upon the principles of the Monroe Doctrine to justify the United States' aggressive stance against Soviet ships approaching Cuba. He declared a naval quarantine, effectively asserting that any attempts to deliver military equipment to Cuba would be met with U.S. action. This invocation of the Monroe Doctrine reinforced the U.S. stance that the Western Hemisphere was under its sphere of influence and that any threats from the Soviet Union, particularly in such close proximity as Cuba, would not be tolerated.

The other options do not align with Kennedy's actions during this specific crisis. The Declaration of the Rights of Man focuses on fundamental human rights and does not pertain to U.S. foreign policy. The Geneva Convention relates to international humanitarian law and the treatment of war victims rather than geopolitical strategy. The Truman Doctrine, while significant in the context of containing communism, was established earlier and did not specifically apply to the events of the Cuban